Italy lockdown march 20219/12/2023 ![]() The only major intervention that is subject to nationally established criteria is the companion allowance (CA), a cash transfer given to all those with a very severe disability regardless income or other personal features. Hence, it is very difficult to establish an overreaching picture of access and affordability for these services. Almost 60% of these care workers are employed totally or partially irregularly, with an annual average estimated expenditure of €11.000 (Fosti, at al., 2021).Īccess criteria to LTC services are determined at the regional level (with a high level of heterogeneity) and Local Health Authorities (LHA) can established further criteria. The annual estimated expenditure in this type of household-based care is €17.000 per family. Also, a large share of home care is provided by privately employed, primarily migrant care workers. The bulk of LTC is provided by unpaid, family carers. The social component of LTC are generally means-tested, access to services are based on needs-assessment but also on income levels (European Commission, 2016). Public expenditure on LTC includes three components: 1) LTC services to dependent people provided by the public health 2) the social component of LTC provided by municipalities and 3) attendance allowances. In 2020 public Long-Term Care (LTC) expenditure in Italy was estimated to represent 1.9% of Gross Domestic Product 74.1% of this expenditure is devoted to over 65 people (Fost et al., 2021). Lessons Learned from Italian Nursing Homes during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Tale of Long-Term Care Fragility and Policy Failure. Notarnicola, E., Perobelli, E., Rotolo, A., & Berloto, S. There are different need assessment systems (LHAs, municipalities, and INPS) which individuals can go through to access the in-kind and cash services they are eligible for, there is no guidance or coordination between the different interventions (Notarnicola et al., 2021). The system is highly reliant on publicly funded services, which account for around 85% of service providers’ revenues.Ĭoordination between different LTC responses is poor or left to local best practices. Local health authorities (LHAs) and municipalities are responsible for interventions that are delivered through care providers. The regions are the key actors and they regulate and fund in-kind services. At the central level, the National Social Insurance Agency is in charge of monetary contributions and cash allowances which are paid directly to citizens. The Ministry of Labour and Social Policy and the Ministry of Health are responsible for defining the national framework, the issue general guidelines, and fund specific interventions to secure regional equity. Retrieved from: il+welfare+e+la+long+term+care+in+europa+cover.pdf ()Īs with the National Health System, LTC sector is a regional competence. ![]() Modelli istituzionali e percorsi degli utenti, 93–114. Il Welfare e la Long Term Care in Europa. ‘Italia.’ In Fosti, G and Notarnicola, E, (eds). ISTAT (2019): CONCILIAZIONE TRA LAVORO E FAMIGLIA. Gabriele S and Tediosi F (2014), Intergovernmental relations and Long Term Care reforms: Lessons from the Italian case. Retrieved from: il+welfare+e+la+long+term+care+in+europa+cover.pdf () (2021), Le prospettive per il settore socio-sanitario oltre la pandemia. Retrieved from: CEQUA LTC network report.įosti G, Notarnicola, E. Also the total number of home care assistants (privately employed, primarily migrant care workers) is unknown, but it has been estimated that this involves over 1 million people (Fosti et al., 2021).īarbarella F, Casanova G, Chiatti C and Laura G (2018), ‘ Italy: emerging policy developments in the long-term care sector’. There is no official data on the number of unpaid family carers, but estimates from 2018 suggest that about 2.8 million people aged 18-64 were involved in caregiving for their older or disabled relatives (ISTAT, 2019). Unpaid carers as well as care assistants privately hired by households, represent the bulk of LTC provision (Fosti et al., 2021). This fragmentation relates to the fact that the LTC sector originates from multiple legislative interventions over a period of more than 30 years. The public system of LTC in Italy is underdeveloped and characterised by a high degree of institutional fragmentation, as sources of funding, governance and managerial responsibilities of public services are spread over local (municipal), regional and national authorities, with different methods according to the institutional models of each region (Gabriele et al., 2014).
0 Comments
Leave a Reply.AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |